New database architecture for Cloud environment

The database architecture called shared-disk, which eliminates the need to partition data, is ideal for cloud databases. Shared-disk databases allow clusters of low-cost servers to use a single collection of data, typically served up by a Storage Area Network (SAN) or Network Attached Storage (NAS). All of the data is available to all of the servers, there is no partitioning of the data. As a result, if you are using two servers, and your query takes .5 seconds, you can dynamically add another server and the same query might now take .35 seconds. In other words, shared-disk databases support elastic scalability.

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What's replicated, what's not?

Logged operations are replicated. These include, but are not limited to: DDL DML Create/alter table space Create/alter storage group Create/alter buffer pool XML data. Logged LOBs Not logged operations are not replicated. These include, but are not limited to: Database configuration parameters (this allows primary and standby databases to be configured differently). "Not logged initially" tables Not logged LOBs UDF (User Defined Function) libraries. UDF DDL is replicated. But the libraries used by UDF (such as C or Java libraries) are not replicated, because they are not stored in the database. Users must manually copy the libraries to the standby. Note: You can use database configuration parameter BLOCKNONLOGGED to block not logged operations on the primary.

What is Tensor Parallelism and relationship between Buffer and GPU

Tensor Parallelism in GPU Tensor parallelism is a technique used to distribute the computation of large tensor operations across multiple GPUs or multiple cores within a GPU . It is an essential method for improving the performance and scalability of deep learning models, particularly when dealing with very large models that cannot fit into the memory of a single GPU. Key Concepts Tensor Operations : Tensors are multidimensional arrays used extensively in deep learning. Common tensor operations include matrix multiplication, convolution, and element-wise operations. Parallelism : Parallelism involves dividing a task into smaller sub-tasks that can be executed simultaneously. This approach leverages the parallel processing capabilities of GPUs to speed up computations. How Tensor Parallelism Works Splitting Tensors : The core idea of tensor parallelism is to split large tensors into smaller chunks that can be processed in parallel. Each chunk is assigned to a different GP...

What is the benefit of using Quantization in LLM

Quantization is a technique used in LLMs (Large Language Models) to reduce the memory requirements for storing and training the model parameters. It involves reducing the precision of the model weights from 32-bit floating-point numbers (FP32) to lower precision formats, such as 16-bit floating-point numbers (FP16) or 8-bit integers (INT8). Bottomline: You can use Quantization to reduce the memory footprint off the model during the training. The usage of quantization in LLMs offers several benefits: Memory Reduction: By reducing the precision of the model weights, quantization significantly reduces the memory footprint required to store the parameters. This is particularly important for LLMs, which can have billions or even trillions of parameters. Quantization allows these models to fit within the memory constraints of GPUs or other hardware accelerators. Training Efficiency: Quantization can also improve the training efficiency of LLMs. Lower precision formats require fewer computati...

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