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Types of Protection level in Oracle Data Guard

There are three different types of data guards

1. Maximum Availability
2. Maximum Performance
3. Maximum Protection

Maximum Availability

This protection mode provides the highest level of data protection that is possible without compromising the availability of a primary database. 

Transactions do not commit until all redo data needed to recover those transactions has been written to the online redo log  (not all - that's the catch) and to at least one synchronized standby database. 

If the primary database cannot write its redo stream to at least one synchronized standby database, it operates as if it were in maximum performance mode to preserve primary database availability until it is again able to write its redo stream to a synchronized standby database.

This mode ensures that no data loss will occur if the primary database fails, but only if a second fault does not prevent a complete set of redo data from being sent from the primary database to at least one standby database.

Maximum Performance

This protection mode provides the highest level of data protection that is possible without affecting the performance of a primary database. 

This is accomplished by allowing transactions to commit as soon as all redo data generated by those transactions has been written to the online log. 

Redo data is also written to one or more standby databases, but this is done asynchronously with respect to transaction commitment, so primary database performance is unaffected by delays in writing redo data to the standby database(s).
This protection mode offers slightly less data protection than maximum availability mode and has minimal impact on primary database performance.
This is the default protection mode.

Maximum Protection

This protection mode ensures that zero data loss occurs if a primary database fails. 

To provide this level of protection, the redo data needed to recover a transaction must be written to both the online redo log and to at least one synchronized standby database before the transaction commits. 

To ensure that data loss cannot occur, the primary database will shut down, rather than continue processing transactions, if it cannot write its redo stream to at least one synchronized standby database.

Because this data protection mode prioritizes data protection over primary database availability, Oracle recommends that a minimum of two standby databases be used to protect a primary database that runs in maximum protection mode to prevent a single standby database failure from causing the primary database to shut down.

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