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We can monitor transaction log files for Oracle in AWS RDS

Retrieving Archived Redo Logs
If you are using Oracle Database 11.2.0.2.v7 or later, you can retain archived redo logs and use log miner (DBMS_LOGMNR) to retrieve log information.
For example, the following command retains redo logs for 24 hours:
exec rdsadmin.rdsadmin_util.set_configuration('archivelog retention hours',24);                       
                    
Because these logs are retained on your DB instance, you need to ensure that you have enough storage available on your instance to accommodate the log files. To see how much space you have used in the last "X" hours, use the following query, replacing "X" with the number of hours.
select sum(blocks * block_size) bytes from v$archived_log where next_time>=sysdate-X/24 and dest_id=1;                          
                    
Once you have retained the redo logs, you can use log miner as described in the Oracle documentation.
Previous Methods for Accessing Alert Logs and Listener Logs
You can view the alert and listener logs using the Amazon RDS console. You can also use the following methods to access these logs:
To access the alert log, use the following command:
select message_text from alertlog;
To access the listener log, use the following command:
select message_text from listenerlog;
Note

Oracle rotates the alert and listener logs when they exceed 10MB, at which point they will be unavailable from the Amazon RDS views.

Source: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_LogAccess.Concepts.Oracle.html

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